What is the role of mathematics and statistics in Machine Learning?

Mathematics and statistics provide the theoretical foundation and computational methods that enable machines to learn patterns and make predictions from data.\n\n• Statistics: Analyze data distributions, measure relationships, handle uncertainty\n• Linear Algebra: Process multi-dimensional data, matrix operations\n• Calculus: Optimize model parameters, minimize errors\n• Probability: Quantify uncertainty, make probabilistic predictions\n\nExample: Linear regression uses statistical correlation to predict house prices. Neural networks use calculus to adjust weights. Probability helps estimate confidence in medical diagnoses (85% chance of disease X).