What is the difference between Copy and Clone traits?

Copy vs Clone traits: • Copy: Implicit bitwise copy, no heap allocation • Clone: Explicit deep copy, can involve heap allocation • Copy implies Clone automatically • Copy types: integers, floats, booleans, chars, tuples/arrays of Copy types • Non-Copy types: String, Vec, HashMap, etc. Copy trait: • Marker trait (no methods) • Automatic bitwise copy • Move semantics disabled • Stack-only data • Cannot implement Drop Clone trait: • Explicit clone() method • Can be expensive • Deep copy semantics • Works with heap data Example: #[derive(Copy, Clone)] struct Point { x: i32, y: i32, } #[derive(Clone)] struct Person { name: String, age: u32, } fn main() { // Copy types let p1 = Point { x: 1, y: 2 }; let p2 = p1; // Copied, p1 still valid println!("p1: ({}, {})", p1.x, p1.y); // Clone types let person1 = Person { name: "Alice".to_string(), age: 30, }; let person2 = person1.clone(); // Explicit clone // person1 still valid after clone println!("person1: {}", person1.name); // String example let s1 = String::from("hello"); let s2 = s1.clone(); // Explicit clone needed println!("s1: {}, s2: {}", s1, s2); }