Explain Rust type system and how it prevents common programming errors.

Rust's type system and error prevention: • Static typing with inference • Ownership and borrowing system • Algebraic data types (enums) • Trait system for polymorphism • No null pointers (Option) • Explicit error handling (Result) • Pattern matching exhaustiveness Common errors prevented: • Null pointer dereference → Option • Use after free → Ownership • Double free → Ownership • Data races → Send/Sync traits • Buffer overflows → Bounds checking • Memory leaks → RAII and Drop Example - Null safety: // No null pointers in Rust fn get_user(id: u32) -> Option { if id == 0 { None } else { Some(User { id, name: "Alice".to_string() }) } } match get_user(1) { Some(user) => println!("User: {}", user.name), None => println!("User not found"), } Example - Error handling: fn divide(a: f64, b: f64) -> Result { if b == 0.0 { Err("Division by zero".to_string()) } else { Ok(a / b) } } match divide(10.0, 2.0) { Ok(result) => println!("Result: {}", result), Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e), }